THE “CONDER” TOKEN
COLLECTOR’S JOURNAL
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONDER TOKEN COLLECTOR’S CLUB
Volume X Number 2 Summer , 2005 Consecutive Issue #36
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EPPING FOREST SHILLING TOKEN
ESSEX 1b
WILLIAM J. MCKIVOR - NUMISMATIST
THE COPPER CORNER
1600 - 1900
AMERICAN COLONIAL COINAGE
PO Box 46135
SEATTLE, WA 98146
206-244-8345
WWW.THECOPPERCORNER.COM
COPPERMAN@THECOPPERCORNER.COM
See me at the ANA, San Francisco Table 562
THE COPPER CORNER
July 2005 list out now
17°" CENTURY TOKENS
18°" CENTURY TOKENS
EVASION TOKENS 19'* CENTURY TOKENS
UNOFFICIAL FARTHINGS
MEDALS
UNUSUAL ITEMS--
Regularly scheduled fixed price lists, featuring lots of new material on every list.
Specializing in EF-UNC material, with many rarities. Want lists worked----
“ask your friends”
EVERY LIST CONTAINS A LARGE AMOUNT OF NEW STOCK
BUYING
ALL BRITISH TOKENS, 1600 THROUGH 1900---
Paying above average prices, based on current retail.
Tokens purchased figured individually—you know the price of each!!
Many happy sellers---ask for references.
IF YOU HAVE ANYTHING FOR SALE, PLEASE OFFER IT
Also Buying--- British medals, odd items, what have you,
American tokens, Colonial coins, Hard Times Tokens,
Merchant tokens, American pieces----
Note-----the “October” list will be a bit late, as I do not return from the UK until the 20" of the
month. Look for the new list about 24 October-----Many thanks to you all-----Bill McKivor
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume X Number 2 Summer 2005 Consecutive Issue #36
| Introduction Mike Grogan Page 4
| President’s Message Gregg Moore Page 5
Token Tales R.C. Bell Page 6
The Epping Forest Issues Tony Fox Page 10
| Classical Conders Tom Fredette Page 16
Eighteenth Century Tokens of Arthur W. Waters Page 19
Hertfordshire [via Harold Welch]
The Bristol Bridge Riots of 1793 Mike Grogan Page 21
Ex Libris Harold Welch Page 28
Officer Directory Page 29
New Members Page 29
The Conder Bookshelf Mike Grogan Page 30
New Member Letter Page 31
| Exchange and Mart Page 32
INTRODUCTION
MICHAEL GROGAN
2005 CLUB MEMBER MEDAL
The CTCC is pleased to include our 2005 member medal with this issue. The reverse is
our traditional swan design and the obverse is based on Herefordshire 1, a dramatic bull
breaking its chains. The medals are a bit different this year as they are struck on copper
rather than bronze planchets and have a brilliant uncirculated finish. The intent is to have
the medal closely resemble a gem Conder token fresh from the dies. Please let us know if
you prefer this or the previous proof versions. We hope you will enjoy this latest addition
to your member medals collection.
MEMBER MEDALS IN SILVER AND GILT
The 2005 medals are also available in silver proof and gilt proof in very limited quantities
at $25 each postpaid. Medals should be reserved with Harold Welch and payment sent to
Scott Loos. Only 25 silver and 15 gilt medals were produced and a quick sellout is
expected so place your order early to avoid disappointment.
NOBLE COLLECTION ONLINE
Noble Numismatics has made the complete catalog of the fabulous Noble Collection of
British Tokens 1998 sale available for viewing over the internet. This valuable resource is
located at http://www.noble.net.au/auctions/browse_cat.php?sale=58b
CLUB ELECTIONS — FINAL NOTICE!
Election of club officers will be held later in 2005 and it is not too early to consider
running for office. Candidates for President, Vice President, Vice President International,
and Treasurer MUST announce their candidacy by the September 1“ 2005 deadline so
that a ballot can be prepared for inclusion in the Fall Journal issue.
ARTICLES NEEDED
As always, your original article is needed for the Journal. You need not be a Conder
scholar to contribute and become a published author. I will be delighted to help any
member begin or polish an article........that is what an Editor does! In addition to the
pleasures of writing the article, contributors to each issue receive a special edition full
color cover on their copy of the Journal.
ON THE COVER
The rare Epping Forest shilling Conder token, Essex Ib, is discussed in this issue by
Tony Fox in his continuing Essex series. The illustrated token and image are from Dr.
Gary Sriro.
From the president’s desk:
I had hoped to make this a cheerful letter, but the news today is full of the tragedy of the
terrorist attacks on London: It was only last fall that I had the opportunity to visit there. What a
beautiful, fascinating, colorful, and robust city, with virtually every corner, street, building and
alleyway draped in history. Wonderful London....one of the greatest cities in all the world. In
fact, one of the greatest cities in the world in all of history. I pray that none of you reading this
were harmed, or any of your families.
The terrorists have now committed a second profound error, having awakened the other
‘sleeping giant.’ Their actions have called to test the spirit of the British people in much the same
way an evil menace from the European continent tested them once before, following Dunkirk
and during the Blitz 65 years ago, and the outcome will be as inevitable.
The marvelous spirit and determination of the British people will once again rise and
triumph against this new evil. It was my hero Winston Churchill who said “We shall not fail or
falter, we shall not weaken or tire...Give us the tools and we will finish the job.” I cannot
conceive another alternative. Our thoughts and prayers go out to all our friends on the other side
of the pond, and may God bless you as we encourage you to ‘keep buggerin’ on’!
And now to the business of the CTCC. The next edition will contain the list of all
individuals running for office. Be sure to take a careful look, and above all be sure to vote.
Everyone’s vote does count (as long as it is received on time). I wish the best to everyone
involved, and thank you for your interest and willingness to participate.
The ANA convention is being held this year in San Francisco. The annual CTCC meeting
will be held on Friday night the 29" of July at 6:30pm at the convention center, Mosconi Center
West. I do not know the specific meeting room number, but it should be easy enough to find out.
And don’t forget that we adjourn afterwards for beer and Pizza. I am looking forward to a good
turnout.
Thank you for the great articles in our last edition, with some really stunning photos and
a terrific story about Bill McKivor’s ‘Tokens that never were.’ And can anyone imagine a
Journal without an interesting story from Tom Fredette? This current edition is likewise top
notch, and I encourage everyone to read it while thinking of perhaps a story of their own to
submit. Speaking for myself, I try to read every last word that is printed on every page from front
to back. I also go back and pick up an older edition and read it all over again, never failing to
refresh my memory and to learn something new.
I wish also to extend sincere appreciation to all of our other talented authors, to our
advertisers whose advertising dollars go a long way to keeping our club healthy and solvent, to
Mike Grogan, editor extraordinaire, whose excellent work has far exceeded expectations for
someone stepping into a new and difficult job, to all of our club officers who have always been
so helpful and quietly do the heavy lifting in the background, and to our general membership
whose on time dues participation exceeds 95%. Now that is just out of the ball park.
And last but not least, our 2005 CTCC medals should be arriving shortly.
Sincerely,
Gregg Moore
Token Tales
London’s High Society
By R.C. Bell
Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Carleton House belonged to the earls
of Burlington, but in 1732 was bought
by Fredrick, prince of Wales. It faced
Pall Mall and overlooked St. James’s
park. Later it was almost rebuilt for
George IV when he was prince of Wales,
and he used it as his residence during the
Regency and also when he was king.
Captain Gronow described in his
reminiscences the first public appearance
of the regent’s only child, Princess
Charlotte:
“Carleton House, at the period to
which I refer, was a center for all the
great politicians and wits who were the
favorites of the regent. The principal
entrance of this palace in Pall Mall, with
its screen of columns, will be
remembered by many. In the rear of the
mansion was an extensive garden that
reached from Warwick street to
Marlborough House: greensward, stately
trees, [probably 200 years old] and beds
of the choicest flowers, gave to the
grounds a picturesque attraction perhaps
unequaled.
“It was here that the heir to the
throne of England gave, in 1813, an
open-air fete, in honor of the battle of
Vittoria. About three o’clock p.m. the
elite of London society, who had been
honored with an invitation, began to
arrive, all in full dress; the ladies
particularly displaying their diamonds
and pearls, as if they were going to a
drawing room, the men, of course, in full
dress, wearing knee-breeches and
buckles. The regal circle was composed
of the queen, the regent, the Princesses
Sophia and Mary, the Princess Charlotte,
the dukes of York, Clarence,
Cumberland and Cambridge.
Carleton House, residence of the
prince regent. (D&H Middlesex 49)
“This was the first day that her
Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte
appeared in public. She was a young
lady of more than ordinary personal
attractions; her features were regular,
and her complexion fair, with the rich
bloom of youthful beauty; her eyes were
blue and very expressive, and her hair
was abundant, and of that peculiar light
brown which merges into the golden: in
fact, such hair as the Middle-Age Italian
painters associate with their conception
of the Madonna.
“In figure her Royal Highness
was somewhat over the ordinary height
of women, but finely proportioned and
well developed. Her manners were
remarkable for a simplicity and good-
nature which would have won
admiration and invited affection in the
most humble walks of life. She created
universal admiration, and I may say a
feeling of national pride, amongst all
who attended the ball.
The prince of Wales when he was
about 30 years old. (D&H Middlesex
956)
“The prince regent entered the
gardens giving his arm to the queen, the
rest of the royal family following. Tents
had been erected in various parts of the
grounds, where the bands of the Guards
were stationed. The weather was
magnificent, a circumstance which
contributed to show off the admirable
arrangements of Sir Benjamin
Bloomfield, to whom had been deputed
the organization of the fete, which
commenced by dancing on the lawn.
ow ty
*
The star of the Order of the Garter
has the cross of St. George enclosed
within the Garter, the whole being
radiated with eight rays of silver. The
order was instituted by Edward III
in 1344. (D&H Middlesex 39)
“The Princess Charlotte honored
with her presence two dances. In the
first she accepted the hand of the late
Duke of Devonshire, and in the second
that of the earl of Aboyne, who had
danced with Marie Antoinette, and who,
as Lord Huntly, lived long enough to
dance with Queen Victoria. The
princess entered so much into the spirit
of the fete as to ask for the then
fashionable Scotch (sic) dances.
“The prince was dressed in the
Windsor uniform, and wore the garter
and star. He made himself very amiable,
and conversed much with the Ladies
Hertford, Cholmondeley and Montford.
Altogether, the fete was a memorable
event.”
A stag beneath a tree. (D&H Essex 1)
Captain Gronow also gave a
description of the fashionable Hyde
park:
“That extensive district of park
land, the entrances of which are in
Picadilly and Oxford street, was far
more rural in appearance in 1815 than at
the present day (1862). Under the trees
cows and deer were grazing; the paths
were fewer, and none told of that
perpetual tread of human feet which now
destroys all idea of country charms and
illusions. As you gazed from an
eminence, no rows of monotonous
houses reminded you of the vicinity of a
large city, and the atmosphere of Hyde
park was then much more like what God
had made it than the hazy, gray, coal-
darkened, half-twilight of the London of
today.
“The company which then
congregated daily about five was
composed of dandies and women in the
best of society; the men mounted on
such horses as England alone could then
produce. The dandy’s dress consisted of
a blue coat with brass buttons, leather
breeches and top boots; and it was the
fashion to wear a deep, stiff white
cravat, which prevented you from seeing
your boots while standing.
King George III and Queen Charlotte.
(D&H Middlesex 945)
The duke of York, younger brother
of the prince of Wales. (D&H Lanca-
shire 138)
“Many of the ladies used to drive
into the park in a carriage called a vis-a-
vis, which held only two persons. The
hammer-cloth, rich in heraldic designs,
the powdered footmen in smart liveries,
and a coachman who assumed all the
gaiety and appearance of a wigged
archbishop, were indispensable. The
equipages were generally much more
gorgeous than at a later period, when
democracy invaded the parks, and
introduced what may be termed a
‘Brummagem society’ with shabby-
genteel carriages and servants.
“In those days, ‘pretty horse-
breakers’ would not have dared to show
themselves in Hyde park; nor did you
see any of the lower or middle classes of
London intruding themselves in regions
which, with a sort of tacit understanding,
were then given up exclusively to
persons of rank and fashion.”
The fashionable hotels were the
Clarendon, Limmer’s, Ibbetson’s,
Fladong’s, Stephens’, and Grillon’s. Let
us accompany Captain Gronow into
these haunts of the wealthy:
=
J. and S. Kelly, 139 Strand, were
saddlers and patent whip-makers to
the prince of Wales and duke of York,
and manufactured spurs, walking canes,
ete. for the aristocracy of London.
(D&H Middlesex 345)
“The Clarendon was then kept by
a French cook, Jacquiers, who contrived
to amass a large sum of money in the
service of Louis XVIII in England, and
subsequently with Lord Darnley. This
was the only public hotel where you
could get a genuine French dinner, and
for which you seldom paid less than
three or four pounds; your bottle of
champagne or of claret, in the year 1814,
costing a guinea.
Biggar’s Coffee house and hotel lay
between Charing Cross and St. James’s
park. (D&H Middlesex 256)
“Limmer’s was an evening resort
for the sporting world; in fact, it was a
midnight Tattersall’s, where you heard
nothing but the language of the turf, and
where men with not very clean hands
used to make up their books. Limmer’s
was the most dirty hotel in London; but
in the gloomy, comfortless coffee-room
might be seen many members of the rich
squirearchy who visited London during
the sporting season. This hotel was
frequently so crowded, that a bed could
not be obtained for any amount of
money; but you could always get a very
good plain English dinner; an excellent
bottle of port and some famous gin-
punch.
“‘TIbbetson’s hotel was chiefly
patronized by the clergy and young men
from the universities. The charges there
were more economical than at similar
establishments. Fladong’s, in Oxford
street, was chiefly frequented by naval
men; for in those days there was no club
for sailors.
Biggar's Coffee house was a ren-
dezvous for army officers, being close
to the war office. His manuscript army
list cost half a crown a year. (D&H
Middlesex 256)
“Stephens’ in Bond street, was a
fashionable hotel, supported by officers
of the army and men about town. Ifa
stranger asked to dine there, he was
stared at by the servants and very
solemnly assured that there was no table
vacant. It was not an uncommon thing
to see 30 or 40 saddle-horses and
tilburies waiting outside this hotel.”
This elite world, seemingly so
secure, was shaken to its foundations by
losses on the field of Waterloo. — Its
charming princess who married Leopold
of Saxe-Coburg in 1816, died in
childbirth on November 6, 1817, her
infant dying with her; while the
physician accoucheur who attended the
tragic confinement shortly afterwards
committed suicide.
10
The Epping Forest Issues
(D&H Essex 1-2, 39-41, & 43, and Middlesex 124)’
Tony Fox
Epping Forest is the remnant of the mediaeval Royal Forest of Waltham. A mediaeval
royal forest was a large area where the Crown has special privileges, usually connected
with hunting and everything associated with it. There are legal protections even for the
trees and undergrowth where the quarry may live, and woe betide the peasant caught
stealing firewood, or, much worse, poaching rabbits or venison. This area of legally-
defined Royal Forest contained several towns and villages. In the early middle ages,
almost all of Essex had been royal forest, but the Crown had gradually given up its
territory, as a result of hard bargaining and payment of huge sums of money by the
county’s landholders. Today’s Epping Forest is now a conservation area in the
possession of the City of London, and is just a 19 km x 4 km fragment of the original
forest, of which about 75% is actually woodland. In the 1790s it was about 25% larger.
The special laws of the Forest were enforced by a group of officials who were Crown
servants, and quite independent of the County or Parish administrations. A Lieutenant of
the Forest presided, and he had a variety of junior officers. Perhaps most notable were
the four Verderers who acted as quasi-magistrates. Until the late 19th century the
Verderers’ Court would assess punishment for minor offences (e.g., illegal lopping of
firewood, or installing a fence without permission because it might impede the deer). For
major crimes, the Verderers would develop the indictment and imprison the accused until
the next quarterly meeting of the Lieutenant’s court; poaching the venison could be a
capital offence. Verderers were elected for life by the Commoners, i.e., those holding
land within or adjacent to the Forest. One jealously guarded privilege was that the
Commoners were entitled to graze their cattle in the Forest for most of the year. At the
time of the Conder issues (say, 1796-97), the four Verderers were John Conyers I, Sir
William Smyth Bt., Richard Lockwood, and Admiral Sir Eliab Harvey (who was later to
command H.M.S. Temeraire at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, the same ship as in the
famous painting by Turner).’
Conder tokens refer to three townships within the Forest boundaries, namely Wanstead,
Woodford, and Epping itself. In spite of modern development, these three towns retain
their separate identities.
miles
a
——
—
ee
-—--—._
_--_—-——
_—-—__
————
2 miles
River Lea
Great Britain e Loughton
e Woodford
Wanstead
e
Romford
Epping Forest: \
1641 Boundaries ‘\
e
Hornchurch
R. Thames
Figure 1: Epping Forest, Essex.
Woodford is a town with a thoroughly eighteenth century feel to it because the tower of
the parish church and all the major houses are Georgian with extensive surrounding
grounds; these would have been regarded as quite modern when the Conders were issued.
Only one typical (for Essex) timber-framed house survives, this being Little Monkhams,
of about 1500 (until recently, occupied by the Dean of the College from which the author
graduated). Three of these Georgian houses have found institutional uses one way or the
other (an orphanage, a psychiatry facility, and the town’s council offices), but the rest
remain as private dwellings.”
The Woodford Conders essentially comprise one and a half issues (D&H 39 and 43). As
Bill McKivor has pointed out, the edges of these tokens were usually prepared in advance
of the obverses and reverses. Thus, the Woodford halfpenny is found with edges
referring to the Woodford carpenter W. Brooks on the reverse (D&H 39a), although
referring to an office in Newport, which is further to the North of the county. Other
edges refer to traders in places as far afield as Norwich (Norfolk; D&H Essex 39b) and
Bristol (Somerset; D&H Essex 39c). One Jonathan Garton had a warehouse at an
undisclosed location, but probably not in Essex (D&H Essex 39d). Lastly, there is a
generic version with a milled edge (D&H Essex 39e). Perhaps only nos. 39 and 39a were
intended as currency at Woodford.
11
12
The utility of this Woodford issue is further emphasized by the farthing-sized D&H
Essex 43. Its obverse is simply the central part of the reverse of the Essex nos.39. The
obverse, however, is re-designed with the fleur-de-lis that are the badge of the Prince of
Wales. This is not the same as the Warley, Essex issue (D&H 36-38a), but does closely
resemble the D&H Essex nos.40-41. Now carrying only the legend “Token Essex”, and
given its small size, an intent for use as currency again seems reasonable.
One suspects, without having personally seen a specimen, that the D&H Essex nos. 40-41
are wrongly assigned to this county. The reverse legend on the halfpenny (full-die) no.40
carries a legend referring to St.Alban’s (Hertfordshire), albeit still with the W.Brooks,
Woodford design, now called an obverse by D&H. The no.41 has a man-powered loom,
different from the Colchester Essex issues, as its reverse. D&H’s reference to Dublin
fails to find either a good match for the loom or the fleur-de-lis, but the latter indeed
appears to be identical with that on the D&H Hertfordshire no.2 (with a new and rather
attractive irradiated crown on the reverse). The corresponding, cut-down, farthing
version is at D&H Hertfordshire no.5. The River Lea (see Fig.1) is the boundary
between Essex and Hertfordshire, and thus, overall, the Woodford nos. 40-41 would
appear to have been intended as currency in the latter, smaller, and more westerly county.
The Epping issue (D&H Essex | - 1b) is unusual in that it is denominated as a shilling.
Bill McKivor (CTCC#3) has kindly commented that the only specimens that he has seen
are of very similar size and weight to a typical Conder halfpenny, and, if heavier, then by
a hair, and certainly not 24-fold! A ‘denomination change’, using standard-sized blanks,
is how Bill thinks it best to describe this issue.
The reverse of this token illustrates a 14-point buck prancing from under a rather scrawny
tree. It is not possible to determine the species of either. Three species of deer lived in
Epping Forest in the late eighteenth century, these being the Roe deer (Capreolus
capreolus), the Fallow deer (Cervus dama), and the Red deer (Cervus elaphus). Red
Deer have been the largest mammals in the United Kingdom since before the bears were
exterminated in the 15" century. Perhaps, therefore, this impressive animal was the
intent of the engraver. The last of the Red Deer were removed from the Forest in 1827,
and an attempt to reintroduce them in the 1880s failed;* but they still do well in Scotland
and the Western Isles. Roe and Fallow deer still thrive in Epping Forest.
The purpose of this shilling token remains something of a mystery. One of the present
Verderers, himself a historian of Epping Forest, has seen no reference to this token
outside of the numismatic literature.” Its design, however, seems rather too mundane and
work-a-day, in comparison to, say, the ‘Globe’ series, to be merely intended as a souvenir
for a collector. Another shilling in copper occurs at Hampshire (D&H 1), but this is
associated with canal construction, and nothing like that took place at Epping.
Essex 1b (Rare)
ESSEX 1b IMAGE BY GARY SRIRO
Figure 2: The Epping Forest one shilling denomination.
The Wanstead issue is listed by Dalton and Hamer twice (D&H Essex no.2, and
Middlesex no.124). This was rational because this is one in a series of Skidmore tokens
with the same obverse, a globe. The ‘Globe’ series includes reverses that are all
impressive buildings, strewn far and wide (e.g., Chester and Cambridge). No.124
features Wanstead House, which, at 260 feet long, was England’s first large building in
the Palladian style. Built for Sir Richard Child, the House was designed by Colen
Campbell’, and built in 1715-1717 (the name Jacobs below the depicted fagade on the
token is that of its engraver, and appears on many other in this ‘Globe’ series). Wanstead
House was demolished in 1824, after a subsequent owner got into financial troubles,
although some fragments of its walling and garden ornamentation survive in what is now
a public park and adjacent golf course. Clearly, this Conder was for collectors, and not
intended as currency in Wanstead.
Reform of the Forest Law came in the late nineteenth century, when Epping Forest was
placed in trust with the City of London, for the use of the people.’ Four Verderers are
still in office, although they now serve as community officers, concerning themselves
with the welfare of the Forest, and environmental protection in general. The Verderers
are still elected by the Commoners, who qualify as electors by owning at least half an
acre within the Forest boundaries (the Verderer’s term of office is now six years,
although they are eligible for re-election).> The southern part of the Forest is now mostly
commuter suburb of London, and few Commoners exist there. One anomaly is that the
London Underground railway company is a Commoner; it is not known whether they
avail themselves of their surviving right to graze any cattle ! Law enforcement is now
provided Several of the constables live in cottages within the Forest, and, by law, their
cottages must have front doors that are painted scarlet (Fig.4).°by a special Police Force
(or ‘Constabulary’), paid for by the City of London Corporation.
13
14
eee
Ao Ho Oo” 0 in,
Figure 3: Wanstead House: the token (above) and an 18" century engraving
(below).
On a tangential note, at the time of writing we are approaching the bicentennial of the
Battle of Trafalgar (October 21, 1805). Given the huge number of nautical Conders
(D&H Hampshire 6-44, 58-112, Kent 31, 38-39, Lancashire 56-119, etc.), we can only
speculate what gems might have arisen had the need for unofficial copper coinage
persisted for just a few more years.
References
. Dalton R, Hamer SH. The Provincial Token-Coinage of the 18th century. London:
Seaby 1910 (reprinted 1967), pp. 30, 106, 537.
. Morris, R. The Verderers and Courts of Waltham Forest in the County of Essex 1250-
2000. Loughton, Essex: Loughton and District Hist Soc; 2004, Passim and pp.190-
191.
. Pevsner N. The Buildings of England: Essex. London: Penguin Books, second
edition, 1969; p. 411-412.
. Laver H. Mammalia. In: Doubleday HA and Page A (Eds) The Victoria County
History of England : Essex. 1: 258. Dawson for the University of London, 1903.
. Richard Morris OBE, Verderer of Epping Forest, personal communication, July 2004.
. Neil G. Fox, BSc, QGJM (Inspector, H.M Constabulary for Essex). Personal
communication, 2004. My brother reports his particular regard for today’s Forest
Constables when a suspicious skeleton is found. An Epping Forest Constable knows
deer bones when he or she sees them !
Figure 4: An Epping Forest Constable’s cottage. Note the scarlet front door.
15
Classical “Conders”
Tom Fredette
In a previous article this writer referred to the informal education of the British people and
their probabable familiarity with the personified and allegorical images present on many of the
tokens of the late 18th century series. (See: “An Allegorical Octet.” Fall, 2004, Issue No. 33.)
With this in mind, one should become aware of similar images on these tokens. These other
images would be the representations of the gods and symbols from classical mythology.
Every society has references to its myths and legends. Myth and legend tell us how the
people of a certain time period thought and felt about the world around them. And the numbers of
images from ancient Roman and Greek mythology on late 18th century tokens tell us that the myths
of the ancients, in addition to allegorical images, were also very familiar to every level of British life.
While allegorical images give us clues about the goals and ideals of this time, mythological referen-
ces represent a community of experience, a poetic side of life in a society which produced among a
great many writers such authors as William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. The myths were
(are) familiar territory, so to speak, and we have an extensive choice of the images which represent
them when it comes to the art of our hobby.
Some of the references we see on our tokens are presented to us in human forms. We find
Neptune, Minerva, Mercury and Vulcan in this category. Others come to us in a different form - as
symbols - and would include a: trident; caduceus; grapes; forge & hammer and helmet & spear.
(It is useful to note from the reference to other societies in the previous paragraph, that these
symbols appear in other cultures - such as Norse or Egyptian - for instance. Only the names are
changed.)
For the purposes of this article it would be appropriate to see if we can make a connection
between the mythological references and daily life in late 18th century Britain. Certainly, a good
place to start would be with Neptune - also known by the ancient Greeks as Poseidon. He was the
god of the oceans and the seas. How many “conder” tokens are there on which we can view the
representations of and references to the sea? Images of admirals and “wooden walls” occur fre-
quently making the connection of dependence upon the sea for the expansion of empire, with an
awareness of the dangers. For hundreds of years Great Britain dominated the known world with its
navy. Fowler’s token, Mdx. No. 306, which shows us the head of Neptune is an excellent choice.
Mercury, or Hermes as he was known to the ancient Greeks, is represented on the token of
George Barker, a Warwickshire issue. In addition to his other attributions, Mercury was the god of
speed and swiftness. He was known as “the messenger of the gods.” A mercantile nation going
about the business of doing business during an industrial revolution is known to have prized the
attribute of speed. The image on Barker’s token is rendered in a typical “classical” style.
FOWLER'S.
Head of Neptune with his trident.
BARKER’S.
Head of Mercury to left.
In addition to considering a symbol as an aspect of great industrial activity at the close of
the 18th century, we should consider the image of Vulcan, also known as Hephaistos, who is well
represented in the Wilkinson series. Pictured seated at the forge with his hammer at the ready, he
evokes the sentiments associated with hard work and industry. Those familiar with Dickens’
novel Great Expectations know of this sentiment. It is present in the household of Joe and Mrs.
Joe Gargery as they bring up the main character of this novel “at the forge.”
Next, we have Minerva, who in Greek myths is known as Athena, a warrior goddess and
also, with her symbol of the owl, known as the goddess of wisdom. Empire would not have been
possible without the warlike attributes necessary to conquer territory and to hold it. Wisdom would
have been needed to keep it. Skidmore uses her image on his issue Middlesex No. 514 along with
this food for thought: Truth for my helm & Justice for my shield an appropriate tie-in to the
allegorical references on the other tokens in this series.
There is a special connection between the goddess Minerva and the tokens of Somerset
(Bath) which feature Bladud the swineherd. (It was in the 18th century that the story of Bladud
as a swineherd became popular according to the history of the city of Bath.) But more to the point,
Bladud was also known as the king who learned to fly and Bell makes us aware of the connection
between this figure of English legend and the classical myths. According to Bell:
Bladud who built the city of Bath, and laid out hot baths therein under the
sanction of the goddess Minerva, in whose temple these fires burned everiastingly.
Bladud was a learned man and taught the art of necromancy through all Britain, and
never ceased experimenting until he made himself a pair of wings; and in trying to
fly down from the temple of Apollo in the city of Trinobantis (London), he was
dashed to pieces and died in the twentieth year of his reign.
SKIDMORE’S.
WILKINSON.
8LADUD FOUNDER OF BATH
Some tokens in the late 18th century series contain symbols which have easily recognized
mythological connections. The grapes pictured on Wolverhamption No. 26, the token of T. Bevan,
remind us of Bacchus, the god of wine. He was also known as Dionysos. He is credited with
giving mankind the gift of wine (and song) along with a warning not to drink too much of it.
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Other symbols found on “conders which have associations with classical mythology are
the: trident-Neptune’s 3-pronged spear; caduceus - Mercury’s staff of authority as messenger
(also appropriated by the medical profession); helmet & spear usually seen on images of Minerva;
and Cupid - the god of love.
A cupid can be seen on the tokens of the Mason’s series in Middlesex Nos. 369-71. But
this cupid has no bow and arrow. Neptune’s trident shows up nicely on Fowler’s issue and in a
more traditional view on Hampshire issues Nos. 61-65. Look for “a caduceus supported by a
large bale of goods” on the Leek Commercial Halfpennies Nos. 10-17. And while Minerva wears
her helmet she is less warlike on the token issues where she appears. He spear point has been
covered by a liberty cap. Not to be omitted are the references to Pandora. “Pandora’s breeches”
appear to be on fire on Spence halfpenny issues Nos. 839-41 and elsewhere on some farthing
issues. When Pandora opened the box, according to the story, out flew all of the evils of the world.
One version of this myth says that when she did this an explosion occurred and it set her pants
on fire.
As mentioned previously, if we consider that the time period for these images was one of
great social change and expansion in Great Britain, then allusion to the ancients on the tokens of
the late 18th century would have been most appropriate. According to one version of the story of
Hercules, when he was growing up he had to decide what path he would take in life. He met
Vice and Virtue and decided that: “Nothing that is really good can be got without labour and
hardship...” Among other sentiments this one certainly played a large part in the images portrayed
on “conder” tokens.
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References
Bell, R.C., Specious Tokens, Corbitt and Hunter Limited, 1968.
http://www.cityofbath.co.uk/history/body_bladud html
Rouse, W.H.D., Gods, Heroes and Men of Ancient Greece, Christ’s
College, Cambridge, 1957.
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TOKENS
OF HERTFORDSHIRE
HWY is a Voken? This question.
is after asked by persons ocher
than those jnperestuch an mais
matics, The cause of their bem:
issued was that the Government of sume
180 years ago neglected to provide the
necessary quantity of copper coin, For in
stance George LP came ts the ihrene in
176, and no copper comm wats struck be
iwom 1785 and 176G, except a siall issne
in 1762-65, when dhe dics ised were those
of his grandfather (George TH} and bore unc
date of 1754, In i776 commenced an issuc
of halfpence and farthings which continucd
for five years only. It was betwen 1775 and
i797 «that the main quantity of the
cighteenth-century tokens was issued.
These tokens can be divided inta four
classes +
1, Those struck by omierchasnis, shop:
keepers, ete.. mostly bearing the issuers
name and the locality with a promise to
psy the bearcr on demand their value when
presented for payment.
2. Private tokens bearing the appearance
of a commercial token. The issue of such
pieces was mainly by token callectors, who
would strike bur a very small aumber,
which they would exchange with other
issuers of a similar cin.
3. The class made for sale by the token
monufactureys bearing the name of a town
with a fictitious name of an issuer. Mast of
such pieces were made in London or Bir-
wingham, and although bearing the name
of a town it was no guarantee that such
was the place of issue. There were con-
temporary collectors of uhese cokens almost
fiem the very start
4. The non-local series, that is tokens
without any locality or issuer’s name. This
vlass was made by the manufacturers and
sold by weight to any person who would
bay chem with a view to putting them
ato circulation and would le of no future
Kability to the buyer, but of course he
made a good profit on the transaction,
‘Phe Anglesca Mines Company were the
first and hargest issuers of tokens, for
NOVEMBER
Dhe afterglow of sunset:
“Prees Hained against the sky;
Love star of radiant beauty,
Ged’s peace is drawing nigh.
RUTH ANDERSON GAKLEY,
Ashridge Park. 1039.
hemween L787 and 179) ibey anade ut their
in Birmingham: 8,960,600 pence and
OO halfpence, which quantity would
represen? some 30G tons af copper.
No. L
SAW BRIDGEWORELILE PENNY
This token is execedingly rare, as the
reverse die broke badly when being brought
into use. Only about three specemens are
supposed to exist. The specimen in the
Hamer Collection was sold for fi in 1920
at Glendining’s Auction Raoms, Londen.
In 1923 « specimen of this teken was sold
by auction af Glendining’s reoms. It then
by Arthur W. Wate
tee emt ht ea TETANY Cer 2a ym
mude the romarkable price of £145, being
bought by Mr. W. Longman. “Phis is cee.
tainty the highest price ever pald for an
cightcenth-cenary token.
‘The dies were almost certainly made by
C. James, 6 Martlett Court, Bow Street,
Covent Garden, This artist cut and signed
some of the halfpenny dies used by Robert
Orchard, whe holds a unique record in
connection with the issue of eighteenth-
century tokens, from the fact that he had no
legs than eight dies bearing his portrait on
his tokens, There were iwo pence, four hali-
pence and two farthings. This Is a pretty
good record for a grocer and tea dealer af
Greek Street, Soho, London. He certainly
made sure that he would not be forgoticn.
One of his tokens he called a Smithficld
‘Foken. In an annetated copy of Conder’s
Tokens, published in 1798. there was a
manuscript note to this Smithkeld Token.
dt read: “ Robert Orchard, apprenticed to
a grecer in St. John’s Street, West Smith.
fieid, whose vanity has induced him to have
engraved several tokens with his bust." This
Smithfield Token was unique and it is now
unknown, and was probably struck in
memory of his yonthfnl days.
In addition to these token portraits. be
likewise had three meezxotint portraits of
himself engraved, as well as a small one
engraved in stipple. This last wax published
in his litde book on Epitaphs.
{ have not been uble to establish when
or where he was in business as a grocer
at Sawbridgeworth, apart from the tokens
themselves, and the portraits.
in Pigot’s Directory for 1826 tere
cecurs: ° Ann Orchard and Son, racers,
Hemet Hempstead. Ry 1834 the firm
Joseph and Francis Orchard, grececrs, H
pireet.*
From a poll book of 1847 are these
names: “ Benjamin Orchard, St. Stephen's
Farm, $¢, Albans; Samucl Orchard, Veru-
jam Road, St. Albans.”
1 cannot cennect any ef these mines
with Robert Orchard,
There was a Mr. T. ©. Orchard, ix busi-
ness as an anctionerr at Hemel Henyp
stead in 1947, but he retired from biines«
in that year. Neither he nor his sister could
supply any information as to thelr ances-
tors, beyond the fact that their prand.
father Jived at the Well Farm, Leverstack
Green, but they did not know where he
was born.
Mr. Cobarn, of Harpenden, has kindly
lens me a copy of the Poll Book of Co,
Herts for ihe vear 1802. t have been care-
fully through its sixtv-tlhree pages. but
Robert Orchard’s name does not appear, so
he did not hold any freehold property at
that date in spite of the token being diated
1801.
Orchard published three small copper-
plate engravings of twelve of his tokens.
and it was from these plates that Dalton
and Hamer were able to describe and ins-
trate the imique Smithfield Token, which
is now unknown.
He was at one tine a member of White's
Club, in St. James Street, und two of hes
portraits were published in the Hisiery /
the Chub. :
Now, in spite of all this seif-advertising
an the tokens. portraits, ctc., 1 have beet
unable to find any particolars of his life.
in a Hist of the benefactors of the Church
aml Poor of Sawbridgeworth is the fal.
lowing: “’ Mr. Robert Orchard gave £20
which was huwested yielding £1 per annum,
for the benefit af the oldest: widow.”
This shows chat he was still interested
in the village in 1810, He probably died
at Stepney in 1833. For this information |
have to thank Mr. H. A. Roberts, of Ste
venage,
Lhaye seen a book plaic of some member
of his family with the coat of arms exactly
similar co those given on the portraits and
the halfpenny token.
Skidmore at some time had the lwo dics
of one of his Londen tokens, and he very
freely used them on many of his pieces
struck for sale to collectors, It is not known
if it was with Orchard’s approval
ss
No.2
SY. ALBANS TALFPFANY
‘This token was of the class made for sale
to collectors at the time of their being
19
20
issued. On this account it was rejected by
C. Pye from his book on Tokens published
in 1802,
it was probably made 10 the order oi
Matthew Denton, publisher and bookseller.
At one lie his place of business was just
by the Hospital Gate, West Smithheld. from
which address he published The Pirisoso’s
Companion, which consisted of 289 plates
of these wkens, and the st. Albans one
appears on plate Ny, 151. He Jikewise
had a place of busines at Mead Rew,
Lambeth, and from this address he
issued some farthings. struck from
the centres af halfpenny dies,
exacdy dike the St. Atbans farthing.
This fact almost cortainiy indicates
thar he had a hard in making dic
Si. Albans tokens.
No. $
SAWBRIDGEWORTH
HALFPENNY
‘The obverse of chix token owas
made from a die ont by Jacob.
This diesinker was largely ¢m-
pleved by Skidmore and Co., of
High Holborn. He executed some
hundseds of dies for S5kidmore’s
nomerous series of building tokens
which this firm made for sale to
the collectors af the period,
Now a word or two about the
reverse. This die portrays a kanci-
fal representation af a shepherd
resting under a tree. In the fitsr in-
stance it was used by Shomas
Laie bookseller and coin dealer,
Lilie Turnstile, Holborn, Owing
to prosecutions by the Government
ter high treason, he appears to
fave got inte financio) difficulties.
and abour 1796 gave up his busi-
ness and then sold all his token
dics to Skidiore and Co., of High
Holborn. This explains how
Orchard was able te use a dic of
Spence's. UH saved him the expense
of a pew die, und being of a rural
design ic could well be used for
country token, “Phis haifpenny was
made by Skidmore for Orchard.
Where it oceurs with the edge read-
ing “ Coventry Token” is simply
means it was struck on a blank
already bearing this edge.
The earliest’ directory of Saw-
bridgeworth I have seen is daced
1826. Ac this time there were but
two grocers in. the small town and
one of them combined his business
with that of a gardener. $o it does
ROt appear that there could have
been mucls business for Robert
Orchard in bis wade as a grocer
tome twenty years earlier.
Na. 4
BISHOP'S STORTFORD
HALFPENNY
This token is almost a perfect
example of what a genuine token
should be, and was struck for
commercial trade purposes, being
madé payable on demand, The
general design is pleasing and ii is finely
executed, and although not signed is prab-
ally the work of Ponthon, a die-sinker of
great ability. He was employed by Mathew
Boulton at the Sohe Mint. Birmingham.
where the tokens were manufactured. In
spite of the Dahon and Hamer statement
that the die-sinker was Kuckler, 1 do not
think they were his work as they are quiic
unlike his usual style, as is shown on the
Bank of England ‘Tokens, etc.
‘They were made for the use of the Canal
Co, and were payable at the local office in
ewes
PENNY,
“sawnnipoEwonTR,
any
Ee
» badly defaced.
worn. € ce MRKtS ty a
ying: at the foot of a See;
& charch in” the sdistanes,
“# SoWweUIDORWoKTH & PENNY &
: TREN *
3 WW PAYABLE @& . Peey.-
se Leo» MALI
Rt A book iyi
NALPP i wave
OAT 8 AUAKK WeRIW ALTE So
th: & crown, 1716 over it, a mdiation,
and a circle of lions: Ad
Qa. Ey PAVAWELH At N. ROLINERORE, BAakR-
Bishop's Stordord, and were doubtiess of
great use to the inhabitants of the village
at the time of issue.
‘There are two slight varieties given in
the supplement to Dalton atid Hamers
work on the Lighteenth Century Tokens.
Na, 5
ST. ALBANS FARTHING
lt will be noticed chat this was struck
fron the centre of tie dies of No. 2. See
the nates to that token.
isan sx enre Private Sabon, duty four Spbaimage bine biek one 6 ét whieh is
_ for all protiabitity James Sekai Engreae : ,
THE BRISTOL BRIDGE RIOTS
OF 1793
BY MICHAEL GROGAN, CTCC 48
In September 1793 the city of Bristol in southwest England was the scene of some of the
most violent rioting in the nation’s history. When the rioting finally stopped the Riot Act
had been read six times, eleven people had been killed and about fifty wounded. The riots
began over a complex situation concerning the collection of tolls on Bristol Bridge by a
private company of commissioners. It is a story of rumor, confusion, incompetence, fear,
corruption and lawlessness in an atmosphere of political and economic unrest.
EARLY HISTORY OF BRISTOL
The earliest evidence of organized settlement at Bristol is a coin minted in Briggstowe
[the place of assembly by the bridge”- the Anglo Saxon name for Bristol] in 1016. In
1140 the abbey which would develop into Bristol Cathedral originated and in 1240 King
Henry III ordered the construction of Bristol Castle. From these medieval beginnings
Bristol grew into an important seaport on the tidal Avon River. John Cabot sailed from
Bristol in 1497 and discovered Newfoundland while searching for a passage to the
Indonesia. The city expanded into the 18™ century trading in slaves, sugar cane, rum,
tobacco and cocoa. By the late 18" century trade began to decline as the tidal harbor and
bends in the Avon were increasingly unsatisfactory for navigation as merchant ships
became larger. This economic decline combined with general social and political unrest
to create a citizenry ready for civil disorder and riot.
oe
.
a ay
ve Doses eri A Cover Pa ow
Cary’s Atlas
" Bristol and surrounding area in 1794 from
21
22
EARLIER, RIOTS IN. BRISTOL
By 1793 Bristol had already suffered from some of the worst rioting in the country’s
history. The first recorded riot was in 1312 over a new tax on shipping imposed by the
unpopular King Edward II. In 1659 Bristol citizens rioted demanding a free parliament
and restoration of the monarchy. A riot over increasing food prices occurred in 1709 and
a political celebration for George I tumed into a riot in 1714. Weavers in Bristol rioted
several times in 1728 and 1729 over economic difficulties and eight people were killed.
Foreshadowing the 1793 bridge toll riots, turnpike tollgates were the target of rioters
many times from 1727 to 1749 until two persons were hanged and the rioting ceased.
Another food riot broke out in 1753 resulting in four deaths and about fifty people
injured. With this long history of rioting it is not surprising that the citizens of Bristol
were ready to take to the streets again in 1793 to protest tolls on Bristol Bridge.
THE HISTORY OF BRISTOL BRIDGE
The original Bristol Bridge was built across the Avon River in 1247 and by the late is®
century was no longer fit for service. Debate went on for years over structure, form and
financing of a new bridge. In 1761 a temporary footbridge was built but carts and
carriages were soon using it. Finally a new three arched bridge was built on the 13"
century foundation from plans submitted by James Bridges at a cost of £49,000 and
opened in November 1768.The bridge was not built by the city but by a private company
of commissioners who were allowed to collect tolls for its building and maintenance. The
Bristol City Council was not elected but was an elite group of the city’s wealthy citizens,
many of whom were also Commissioners for the bridge. Obviously the best interests of
Bristol’s common citizens were not a high priority for the Council or Commissioners.
Bristol Bridge around 1800 by ONeill from the Bristol Museum and Art Gallery reprinted in
Tokens of those Trying Times by Mays, page 77.
The Bristol Bridge Act authorizing construction of the new bridge was passed by
Parliament in 1756. Tolls were set at a shilling for a loaded wagon drawn by six horses
down to a halfpenny for a horse, mule or ass not drawing a carriage. Foot traffic passed
for free. A Bridge Committee of fifty trustees was to manage the bridge’s affairs but in
1778 [to avoid charges of mismanagement] the trustees arranged an annual lease for toll
collection by a third party who bought the lease at an auction held in September every
year. Mr. Abraham Hiscoxe had taken over the lease September 29" 1792 for £2,150 and
the public expected that, due to a reported surplus of funds, this would be the last year
tolls would be charged. The Bridge Commissioners disputed the reported surplus amount
and decided to extend the tolls for another year, thus lighting the fuse that would ignite
the riots of 1793. Hiscoxe not only refused to take over the lease again but, fearing
violent reaction against himself and his toll collectors, said he would also abandon
collecting tolls on September 20". An unfounded rumor then began circulating that if
tolls were not collected for nine days, a new Act of Parliament was required to reinstate
them. In celebration the tollgates were burned by a good natured crowd on September
19" and citizens began using the bridge free of charge. No authority intervened on that
Thursday evening and when Thomas Symonds and Wintour Harris bought the next year’s
lease at the discounted price of £1,920 and scheduled collection of tolls to resume on
September 29" the stage was unalterably set for RIOT.
EVEUTS OF SEPTEMBER, 1793
SEPTEMBER, 7, 1793
Since Bristol’s citizens expected toll collection to cease upon the expiration of Hiscoxe’s
lease on September 29", the following announcement in the Bristol Journal was startling:
To Let by Auction
At the Exchange Coffee House
on Saturday the 21st September
The Tolls payable for passing over Bristol Bridge
together with the two toll houses.
Farther details: Mr Thomas Symone - Attorney at Law
Thomas Booth, Broker
This public announcement of the Bridge Commissioner’s decision to extend tolls for
another year set events in motion that would result in the Bristol Bridge riots later in the
month of September.
SEPTEMBER, 19, 1793
On the night before Hiscoxe was to discontinue toll collection, a man drove onto the
bridge and demanded free passage. He got his way after a quarrel with the toll collector
and it then became impossible to collect further tolls. A crowd gathered with barrels of
beer and began celebrating the end of the hated tolls. Toll gates were torn down and
thrown into the traditional bonfire as everyone passed freely across the bridge.
Surprisingly no one in authority made any attempt to restore order and the people of
Bristol assumed control of the bridge.
23
24
SEPTEMBER, 21, 1793
On this Saturday the lease for next year’s toll collection was auctioned as previously
announced by Thomas Symonds in the Bristo! Journal. Bidders were scarce because of
the uncertain situation and the lease was sold at the bargain price of £1,920. The
purchasers were Deputy Chamberlain for the city Wintour Harris and Symonds, a
partnership of dubious propriety because of their civic connections. The new lease
owners proceeded with their plans to begin collecting tolls promptly on September 29".
SEPTEMBER, 28, 1793
On the morning of September 28 workmen began erecting new toll gates at Bristol
Bridge in preparation for the resumption of toll collection the next day. The timing was
unfortunate. Saturday night was a time of relaxing after a hard week’s work and beer and
ale flowed freely. Soon a Saturday evening crowd developed and the newly built toll
gates were burning brightly in a roaring bonfire.
This time the authorities intervened. Magistrate, Alderman and Bridge Commissioner
George Daubney appeared and became involved in a scuffle with the crowd resulting in
Daubney being knocked to the ground.
George Daubney
The situation was rapidly getting out of control and little help was available. Technically
there was a police force of sorts. The chief constable, night constable and several
watchmen were too few and too concerned with their own safety to have any effect.
Faced with what he saw as a rapidly developing riot, Mayor Bengough decided to bypass
the long official process for calling out the militia and summoned the nearby Hereford
Militia on his own authority. By the time the militia arrived the crowd was drifting away
but the arriving soldiers rekindled interest and soon the crowd was bigger than ever.
The Riot Act was read for the first time, warning that anyone remaining after an hour
would be guilty of a capital offence. Despite Bengough’s presence [his term as Mayor
would expire the next day] Daubney was in charge and at 11:30 p.m. ordered the militia
to fire over the heads of the crowd. The crowd fled but when the smoke cleared John
Abbott, a laborer, was lying on the ground felled by a stray bullet.
Abbott was on his way home from the “Ship Inn” where he and his friends had stopped
after work for ale and to “liquidate” the guinea they had been given as joint pay, common
practice in this time of acute coin shortage and Conder tokens. Stopping to observe the
events at the bridge, he was mortally wounded and died shortly after being carried home.
The Bristol Bridge Riot had its first fatality as September 28" came to an end.
CTT) Pr TT)
Somerset 103
Image by Gary Sriro
SEPTEMBER, 29, 1793
Sunday September 29" was the day that a new civic year began in Bristol. The City
Council met but most members saw the previous night’s events as only an unfortunate
distraction from the civic events of the day. A delegation of John Abbott’s family and a
group of concerned citizens living near the bridge met with the Council to little effect.
With all pomp and ceremony, druggist James Morgan was sworn into office as the new
mayor of Bristol. At Bristol Bridge efforts to collect tolls resumed at noon and a crowd
soon gathered. George Daubney was again on hand and in an altercation pulled a
coachman to the ground. As the situation worsened the Riot Act was repeatedly read and
the militia established a fragile order. Tolls were collected until dusk when the militia
marched off allowing free passage over the bridge. It was a quiet Sunday night in Bristol,
but Bloody Monday was soon to come.
SEPTEMBER, 30, 1793
The day that would be remembered as Bloody Monday began peacefully but at 9:00 a.m.
a chain was placed across the bridge roadway and busy morning traffic backed up and
came to a complete stop. Tolls were collected but at a much slower pace. A large crowd
quickly gathered and the two magistrates present, former mayor John Noble and the
familiar George Daubney, only inflamed the spectators with their efforts at oratory. At
one point Daubney was seen collecting tolls himself, not the behavior expected of a
magistrate. Between 10:30 and 11:00 the Riot Act was read three times and the militia
returned. With soldiers present the daylight hours passed in tense confusion.
25
26
As dusk fell the militia marched back to its quarters under harassment by the crowd. The
crowd of citizens began to grow rapidly and the huge mass of thousands of spectators
expected an evening of entertainment. They were not disappointed as the toll gates were
torn down once again and thrown into a bonfire along with furniture from the tollhouse.
Two peace officers accompanied by eight soldiers arrived to assess the situation but were
pelted with debris thrown by the crowd and quickly made a humiliating retreat. At 8:30
p.m. a large force of militia appeared, marching to fife and drum, headed by the Mayor
and five Aldermen. Their arrival was met by a shower of debris from the crowd. The
soldiers kneeled in firing position and the drumbeat changed to a threatening roll. With
no further warning the soldiers fired into the crowd.
It is not clear who, if anyone, ordered the militia to fire and no one ever publicly admitted
responsibility. The new Mayor, James Morgan, may have told the soldiers to fire if they
met resistance but in any case the incident was inexcusable. The Riot Act had not been
read since that morning and the crowd consisted almost entirely of respectable citizens
enjoying the antics of a few troublemakers. Firing into the crowd should have been a
desperate last resort when all other efforts at control had failed.
In total over one hundred shots were fired into the crowd as people scrambled to find safe
cover. The militia withdrew after firing and a heavy rain began to fall, washing away the
blood from the streets. Eleven people were dead, and among the fifty or so wounded
twenty eight were seriously injured and many required amputations. Walking home along
the now totally dark streets, Matthew Bennett stumbled over an object in his path. He
stopped to examine the object and was horrified to discover that he was looking at the
corpse of his son James, a murdered victim of Bloody Monday.
EPILOGUE
City coroners returned one verdict of accidental death and ten of “murder by person or
persons unknown”. Three victims would die later from their wounds making a total of
fourteen fatalities as a result of the events of Bloody Monday. A series of investigations
began. The official investigations were primarily cover up operations that intensified as
the riot became national news. A thorough and impartial investigating committee was
organized unofficially by Dr. Edward Long Fox, a physician who had treated the riot
wounded, but their enquiry came to an abrupt and unexplained halt in March 1794. The
final result was that no one was brought to trial or officially implicated in one of the
worst civilian massacres in the nation’s history.
A group of Bristol businessmen ended the collection of tolls on Bristol Bridge by paying
£1,920 to the Bridge Commissioners as relief from any remaining debts, thus restoring
traffic and trade to pre-riot levels. Bristol citizens would riot again in 1811 protesting
rising food prices and in 1831 demanding political reforms. The bridge itself has been
altered over the years but the 18'" century superstructure remains in place today.
Bristol Bridge on a silver shilling token from 1811, Dalton Somerset 47
Over a hundred years later in Victorian times the memory of the Bristol Bridge riots
remained in the voices of rebellious citizens who would defy local authorities with a
shout of “Give ‘em Bristol Bridge!”’.
REFERENCES
Riot! The Bristol Bridge Massacre of 1793 by Michael Manson
http://brisray.com/bristol/briot.htm
http://www. bristol-city.gov.uk/aboutbris/Bristol_history_timeline.htm]
http://www. bradley.edu/academics/las/civ/bristol
http://bristol.indymedia.org/newswire/display/22370/index.php
THE TYPE USED FOR, HEADINGS IN THIS ARTICLE IS CASION,
SWASH ITALIC, AN. AUTHENTIC LATE EIGHT EENTH CENTURY FONT
27
28
Ex Libris
It has been some time since | have updated the membership on the holdings of the CTCC
Library. We have received some very nice donations and made a few purchases as well. As a
reminder, all holdings of the library are available to all CTCC members. Items will be mailed on
request. The borrower is responsible for postage and insurance both ways. Contact me at:
Harold Welch CTCC Librarian 655 Parkwood Circle St. Paul, MN 55127
(651) 429-0997 tokenmann@aol.com
For a complete listing of the library’s holdings and policies, refer to the CTCC website at:
http://conderclub.homestead.com/index.html
Additions include a set of reprints from the British Numismatic Journal written by David W.
Dykes and generously donated to the club by Mr. Dykes:
WHO WAS ‘R. Y.’? SEARCHING FOR AN IDENTITY — Volume 67 (1998)
JOHN GREGORY HANCOCK AND THE WESTWOOD BROTHERS: AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TOKEN
CONSORTIUM — Volume 69 (2000)
THE TOKENS OF THOMAS MYND _ Volume 70 (2001)
JOHN STUBBS JORDEN, DIE-SINKER AND MEDALLIST Volume 71 (2002)
THE TOKEN COINAGE OF WILLIAM FULLARTON — Volume 72 (2003)
THE EIGHTEENTH AND EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY TOKEN Volume 73 (2003)
SOME REFLECTIONS ON PROVINCIAL COINAGE 1787-1797 Volume 74 (2004)
THE ‘DUNKIRK’ HALFPENNY — Volume 74 (2004)
Other additions:
THE MAILCOACH AND IT’S HALFPENNIES H. Alexander Parsons & NOTES ON THE PRIVATE TOKENS,
THEIR ISSUERS AND DIE-SINKERS (continued) both from The British Numismatic Journal (1905)
THE DIES OF THOMAS SPENCE (1750-1814): ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS R. H. Thompson British
Numismatic Journal, Volume XL, 1972
BRITISH TOKENS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Richard Doty April 1987 supplement to World Coins
CTCC Journal Volume 5 (2000) and Volume 6 (2001) have been hardbound. Later issues are available singly and
will ultimately be hardbound.
Longman, W. Tokens of the Eighteenth Century Connected With Booksellers & Bookmakers London 1916 A
sound, clean copy of this important and underrated work. Library stamp of the County of Grimsby Public Library
on the title page. Modern blue buckram binding.
Atkins, James The Tradesmen’s Tokens of the Eighteenth Century London 1892 A fresh, clean copy from the
library of John J. Ford. Handsomely bound in morocco-grained cloth with marbied endsheets.
Our collection of token sale catalogues will be updated in the next issue. HDW
Directory of Club Officers and Appointees
President and Membership Chairman Treasurer
Gregg Moore Scott Loos
1904 S Wall Street PO Box 2210
Mount Vernon WA 98273 North Bend WA 98045
[360] 336-2354 gregg.moore@comcast.net [425] 831-8789
scottloos@msn.com
Vice President USA and Librarian
Harold Welch Editor and Webmaster
655 Parkwood Circle Mike Grogan
Saint Paul MN 55127 6501 Middleburg Court
[651] 429-0997 tokenmann@aol.com Mobile AL 36608
[251] 343-0005
Vice President International mngrogan@comcast.net
John Whitmore
Teynham Lodge Chase Road
Colwall Malvern Worcs.
Phone 01684 540651
Teynhaml@aol.com
WELCOME
TO OUR NEW CONDER CLUB MEMBERS
Name Number City State
David Cornish CTCC 475 Short Hills, NJ
Dr. Eugene Bruder CTCC 476 Chico, CA
29
30
THE CONDER TOKEN BOOKSHELF
Michael Grogan
One of the great pleasures of collecting Conder tokens is the vast literature available on
the subject, ranging from modern publications all the way back to books written in the
1790’s while the tokens were still falling from the dies. Once a collector has a Dalton and
Hamer and the complete set of Bell books there are many other choices to explore. In this
and future pages I hope to review reference books that are somewhat obscure yet
interesting, available and relatively inexpensive additions to a token library.
TRADE TOKENS, A SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY
J.R.S. Whiting 1971 192 pages 24 plates Hardcover
This book describes the social and economic factors behind trade tokens of the
seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. Quotes from contemporary sources add
to its historical interest. The first section is a general historical background of the times
and conditions that resulted in the production of trade tokens in each century.
The second section covers seventeenth century tokens and is illustrated by line drawings
of representative issues. Topics considered in this section are: Minting and design, Shop
tokens, Trades crafts and other businesses, Transport, Inns taverns and ordinaries, Coffee
houses, and Town tokens.
The third section discusses eighteenth century tokens and is, of course, the most
interesting to Conder collectors. This section includes pages 77 — 144 and is very well
illustrated with black and white photographic plates. In eight segments Whiting provides
background information and illustrates Conder tokens from these areas:
1. Transport — Canals, Roads, Coaching
2. Industry — Iron, Copper, Shoemakers, Curriers, Tallow, Paper, Agriculture
3. Textiles — Wool, Hemp and flax, Weaving, Bleaching, Rope making
4. Shop tokens — Auctioneers, Hats, Umbrellas, Saddles, Shoes, Haberdashers,
Drapers, Bookshops, Libraries, Teas, Grocers, Bakers, Alcoholic beverages,
Trees, Tobacco, Watchmakers, Metalsmiths, Iron mongers
5. People and places — Lady Godiva, Shakespeare, Dr. Johnson, Lowestoft,
Newmarket, Architectural buildings, Pidcock’s Menagerie
6. Politics publishing and philanthropy — George III, Pitt, Fox, Paine, Tooke, Eaton,
Spence, Howard and others
7. Ships — Cinque Ports, Colliers, Men-o-War, Whaleboats , and others
8. Soldiers — Cornwallis, Elliot, Yeomanry and others
The final section describes nineteenth century copper tokens in categories of: Industry,
Shop tokens, Workhouses and Transport.
This very interesting and useful book also includes an appendix, bibliography and index.
It is long out of print but usually available from numismatic and used booksellers for
about $30. I will be glad to help anyone locate a copy to add to their Conder bookshelf.
Wednesday, July 27, 2005
Dear New Member:
An annual Conder Collectors Token Club membership is based upon the receipt of four quarterly
CTCC Journals, including limited free advertising space, free access to our library's reference
materials, our club website: http://conderclub.homestead.com/index.html , annual CTCC meetings
and fellowship, and the opportunity to collect some of the most beautifully designed and unique rare
coin series in the world: The Provincial Token Coinage of the 18" Century, or Conder Tokens.
I think you will find our quarterly journals some of the most interesting and scholarly in all
numismatics, filled with terrific articles from a very enthusiastic and involved membership. The club
has also in the past provided free Commemorative Club Medals (past medals can be seen at our club
website) to our paid membership, and hopes to continue that tradition for as long as adequate funds
allow.
For instant membership signup and dues payments, you can go to the following ebay website:
http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dil? ViewLtem&item=3908076924 Otherwise,
PLEASE SEND ALL US DOLLAR PAYMENTS TO OUR CLUB TREASURER:
Mr. Scott Loos, PO Box 2210, North Bend, WA. 98045 email: scottloos@msn.com
Make your checks or money orders payable to CTCC for US $25.00
PLEASE SEND ALL £’s STERLING PAYMENTS TO :
Mr. Alan Judd, P.O. Box 19, Beeston Notts, NG9 2NE UK email: micobwright@aol.com
Make your checks or money orders payable to Alan Judd for £20 sterling
INTERNATIONAL MEMBERSHIPS (non-US and non-UK) are US $35.00 to be paid to Scott Loos in
US currency only.
ALL members are encouraged to send dues payments via PayPal at: scottloos@msn.com, facilitating
faster and more convenient payments for all. For non-US currency payments, be sure to check
currency exchange fees first.
Below, please write your name and address EXACTLY as you would wish it to appear on an envelope
addressed to you. The club will use this information for all future correspondence. (email optional).
We very much appreciate your interest in our club, and look forward to hearing from you soon.
31
32
THE TOKEN EXCHANGE AND MART
OUR RULES: CTCC members, in good standing, are cordially invited to dispatch their articles
and advertisements to the CTCC editor for publication in the JOURNAL. Articles are always
needed and appreciated. Articles do not have to be camera ready, but I appreciate it when they
are. Articles are always published free of charge for the benefit of the membership.
Advertisements are needed and appreciated just as much. Ads up to twelve lines are FREE!
Full-page ads are $75.00; one half-page ads are $37.50. Ads larger than the free twelve lines
must be camera ready. All paid ads must be paid for when submitted; thus, eliminating the
possibility of confusion and the need for costly, unnecessary, and time-consuming billings and
follow up. Ads submitted without full payment will not be accepted or published. Ads or articles
may be either accepted or rejected at the discretion of the editor. Only members can participate
in the journal or other Club activities. The Club rules are designed to be simple and few, please
comply with them. The deadline for the Fall 2005 issue is September 15,2005. Journals are
issued quarterly. Your articles and ads must be sent to the editor, Michael Grogan 6501
Middleburg Ct Mobile AL 36608 email mngrogan@comcast.net. The only requirement for
membership is the payment of an annual membership fee. You will be billed again after you
have received four issues of the journal. The "Conder" Token Collector's Club reserves the right
to accept or reject (without explanation) any application for membership. The “Conder” Token
Collector's Club, reserves the right to revise these rules at any time in accordance with our by-
laws. ANNUAL DUES: $25.00 U.S. Membership - $30 or £20 U.K Membership.-_$35 Non
U.S. or U.K.Membership.
NOTICE: The “Conder” Token Collector’s Club, publisher of The “Conder” Token Collector’s
Journal, assumes no responsibility or liability for advertisements or articles published in the
journal. No party shall have recourse against the “Conder” Token Collector’s Club, or it’s
officers, officials or appointees for any reason associated with the publication of its journal. All
transactions arising from or relating to advertisements in The “Conder” Token Collector's Club
Journal are strictly between the parties to the transaction. Complaints concerning advertisers or
respondents should be directed to the president of the “Conder” Token Collector's Club. Valid
complaints can result in termination of membership and/or advertising privileges.
Free Advertisements
These Ads, 12 lines or less, are free for CTCC members. Send yours to:
Mike Grogan, 6501 Middleburg Ct, Mobile, AL 36608 - E-mail: mngrogan@comcast.net
KEKKKRERKEEERERE EKER ERE KERR KERR ER ERE REE EKER RE RE RE REE ER ERE ERE RRR RRR RRR RRR RR RR EKRRRRRRERRERE
M. Monarch, Esq., Numismatist
CTCC# 4, EAC#184, ANA LM1059
Hopelessly addicted to “Conders” for nearly thirty years. I specialize in beautiful
condition, rarities and spectacular die states; always keen to buy, sell, or trade the series.
Jerry Bobbe Fax: 503 350 2320 Email
PO Box 25817 Tel: 503 6261075 jbobbe@comcast.net
Portland, OR, 97298
FEI FOR KI IIE I FE IK IK IK IK KI IKK KI KK RK RK IK KI KK IKK KKK RK KKK KKK RRR KEK KK EKER RE EEK
Phil Flanagan PO Box 1288 Coupville, WA 98239
EAC #425 CTCC #9 x.flan@verizon.net 1-360-240-8366
BRITISH TOKENS are my specialty and have been since about 1970 with my first token
purchases made in 1963. They fascinated me even before the Dalton & Hamer book was
reprinted the first time by Seaby in 1967. And, the best part, they were and are cheaper
and similarly fascinating as our large and half cents - even colonials! Many Uncirculateds
can be had for $25 or $30!! I’ve expanded into 17th and 19th century English tokens as well
as evasions, unofficial farthings and BOOKS! I issue several free lists a year with
HUNDREDS of tokens. Just Email or call or write me. I have a 21 day return policy for
any or no reason! So, no risk - take a look! Even a layaway plan for those that want it. Try
a little beginner’s group of these to fit your pocket book!
KRREKKEKKEKREREKEE RR KKK RERERERERKRK KERR RRR REE RRR RRR RKEKRKRKRRRRREEKRE
Wanted!
CTCC Journal #10
Hampshire D&H 43 or 44 and 69
Hampshire tokens and medallions from all periods
Books by Conder, Birchall, Pye 1801 or after, and Waters South London.
Michael Knight, 30c Malvern Road, Southsea, Hants, PO5 2NA, United Kingdom
Mikeknight@tinyworld.co.uk
33
34
I Need You!!!
To let me know about your classic token literature. Several members have answered my
appeals for information about their Pre WWII token books. Thanks to those kind folks.
However, if my book in progress, The Virtuoso’s Arrangement, is to be anywhere near
complete, I need more members to step forward to help. If you own any original books on
British tokens of the 18th and 19th centuries, I really need to hear from you. Does your
book have a past ownership inscription? Perhaps it has annotations or letters or other
ephemera laid in. If it is a numbered edition, which copy is it? I will give you credit or
keep you anonymous - whatever you prefer. Thanks for your help!
Harold Welch (651) 429-0997 tokenmann@aol.com
655 Parkwood Circle St. Paul, MN 55127
KR IK KK KKK KKK KKK RK RK RRR KKK KR RR KKK RRR RRR RRR RE KK RE RRR ERR RE KERR RRR EERE RR RRR RRR REE
LARGE SELECTION OF CHOICE CONDER TOKENS
Hello to everyone! I have a large selection, mostly XF to Choice BU as well as nice,
inexpensive VFs. I have 1,000 other world and U.S. tokens and medals, including many
choice French and British medals of the Napoleon era and hundreds of German medals. I
take tables at ANA, NYINC, FUN, CICF, Baltimore, and White Plains.
Donald Young CTCC #182
P.O. BOX 457, FDR STATION, NEW YORK, NY 10150;
(212) 593-0010; numiscribe@aol.com
“THE CONDER CABINET”
www.thecondercabinet.org
This website is dedicated to the study and enjoyment of Conder tokens. It consists of high
quality full color mages of choice tokens donated to the site by persons interested in furthering
the hobby of collecting these remarkable pieces of art and history. The goal of the site is to
display a fine image of each major token type, arranged by county and DH number.
Contributions of images to The Conder Cabinet are always welcome and full credit for the image
will be given to the contributor. Adding and upgrading images will be an ongoing, never completed,
process. Michael Grogan
WANTED: CULLS
Once introduced to Conders and Evasions, I became addicted to these tokens; but my 35 year
contrarian fascination with culls - the holed, bent, mutilated, barely identifiable orphans of the
coin world - continued.
Rather than relegating your undesirable or unsaleable tokens to your junk boxes, or worse, keep
in mind that I am always in the market for purchasing low end Conders and Evasions,
particularly the less common types and edges.
As long as the tokens are likely indentifiable, I am interested.
Steven Bellin bellinfamily@juno.com
S&B COIN & MEDAL BULETIN
Send for your free copy of the Bulletin. Quarterly 20 page listing of English Hammered and Milled coins,
Medallions and all British tokens. Seven pages of plates together with articles, reviews and numismatic
comment. Now in it’s Fifteenth year!
Contact Simon Monks
Suite 313, St Loyes House, 20 St. Loyes St, Bedford Beds MK40 1ZL
Tel: 01234 270260 (8 am - 8 pm) Email: simonmonks@supanet.com
HOPELESSLY SMITTEN BY SCOTTISH TOKENS
ALWAYS LOOKING TO BUY: FROM INDIVIDUAL SCOTTISH TOKENS TO YOUR COMPLETE
SCOTTISH LISTING OR YOUR ENTIRE CONDER TOKEN COLLECTION, INCLUDING BOOKS AND
ASSOCIATED EXONUMIA:
WHATEVER WORKS BEST FOR YOU. I WILL MAKE IT WORTH YOUR WHILE.
Email: gregg.moore@comcast.net phone: 1-360-336-2354
TONY FEIN - PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATIST
Fixed Price Lists of World Coins & Tokens on request
Medieval, Modern Coins, Hammered coinage and Ancients.
VISIT MY WEB STORE www.vcoins.com/tonyfein Photo's in Full Color!
I AM ALSO BUYING ALL BETTER COINS & COLLECTIONS
Please call or write, or ship with your price, for my generous offer.
Please include a phone number or e-mail address. It will be worthwhile!
Tony Fein CTCC#278 PO Box 17672 Clearwater, FL 33762-0672
Phone (727) 536-7475 e-mail tonyfein@aol.com
NOW 2700+ CONDER TOKENS ON CD
e Largest collection of full color Conder token pictures known.
e 100s of stunning scans added on Version 2005
Population numbers given for each scan are from my data base of now almost 27,000
prices
All new and improved High Quality scans - 25% larger!
NEW RARITY LEVELS on printed enclosures plus additional helpful information
A low population number may mean years before you see that token again!
CD available for $36.00, plus $3 shipping. Contact me for Foreign shipping
Email me at "gsriro@adelphia.net" for orders or additional information
35
BILL McKIVOR’S COPPER CORNER
Fixed price list----FREE---Ask for one today. Fair prices, fast service.
NEW MATERIAL on my lists 4 times each year, plus E-lists as the spirit moves me----
See me at the ANA, San Francisco, 27-31 July, table 562!!
Visit my WEBSITE---- www.thecoppercorner.com some items not listed elsewhere!
BILL McKIVOR-CTCC#3---PO Box 46135, Seattle, WA 98146. (206) 244-8345 til 10 PM.
See large ad on inside cover!!! E-Mail-Copperman@Thecoppercorner.com
BACK ISSUES
| need issues # 2, # 7and # 8.
lf you have extras or unwanted copies that are in good condition, please
email me to let me know your price.
Stephen Reids
CTCC # 305
sreids@tampabay.rr.com
164 PAGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
The latest edition of our catalogue of numismatic items for sale (that has been issued regularly for 32 years) is
now ready. It includes thousands of British tokens as well as commemorative medals and coins from all over
the world. The catalogue is free on request, but please include $2 to cover airmail postage when applying to
the address below (with apologies for it's un-American length).
Whitmore, CTCC #264 Teynham Lodge Chase Road, Colwall
Malvern Wores. NMI3 6DT England
KAEKKEKKK KEKE KEKE KEK KEK EKER KEKE KK KKK EKER KEKE KER KEE REE RE REE KK RRR EERE KERR ERE ERE EEE EKEKKEEK
Morton & Eden Ltd. 45 Maddux Street London WIS2PE United Kingdom
Auctioneers and valuers of all series of coins, medals, tokens and banknotes
. We operate a “wants list” service for specialist collectors.
For further information or to be included on our mailing list, please contact James Morton or Steve Lloyd.
Telephone: +44 20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 20 7495 6325 Email: info@mortonandeden.com
Website www.mortonandeden.com
36
CTCC Back Issues for Sale!
The club has a very limited supply of some back issues of The CTCC Journal.
They are being offered at $5.00 each ppd.
Available issues: #5, #12, #14, #18, #20, #21, #22, #23, #25, #26, #27, #28
Please don’t send payment with your order, you will receive a bill with your
journals.
Send inquiries to:
Harold Welch 655 Parkwood Circle, St. Paul, MN 55127
(651) 429-0997 e-mail: tokenmann@aol.com
RRR ERE RRRRRRERRRRRERRRERRERREREEEE
ABC Coins and Tokens
We specialise in Conder Tokens and also stock a wide range of hammered and milled
Scottish, British and World coins, and numismatic books. All our Conders are fully
illustrated and written up on our web site so that you can buy with confidence.
Contact David Stuart at:
Alnwick British and Colonial Coins and Tokens
P. O. Box 52, Alnwick, Northumberland
NE66 1YE United Kingdom
Website : www.abccoinsandtokens.com
E-mail :d-stuart@d-stuart.demon.co.uk
Telephone : 44[0] 1665 603851
WANTED IN ANY CONDITION
YORKSHIRE DH 1,2,3,9-12,13
STAFFORDSHIRE DH 6-9, 19,24
CORNWALL DH 3
CUMBERLAND DH 3
OWEN HOLLINGSWORTH MEMBER 82
[530/872-5683 fax [530] 877-6936
37
38
MORTON & EDEN LTD
in association with Sothebys 45 Maddox Street London W1S 2PF
A bronzed proof of Isaac Swainson’s halfpenny from the James Watt (Junior) Collection
Sold on 13 November 2002 for £1,380
We hold regular auctions of all series of Coins, Medals and Tokens in London
and we operate a ‘wants list’ service for specialist collectors. For further
information or to be included on our mailing list, please contact
James Morton or Steve Lloyd.
Telephone: +44 20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 20 7495 6325
Email: info@mortonandeden.com Website: www.mortonandeden.com
Enthusiastic buyers, sellers and students of the 18" Century British Token Series.
We offer tokens for every pocketbook and interest from the rare and spectacular to those used in evervday
commerce. Our website and occasional lists will provide you with an ever growing and eclectic selection for your
consideration.
Jerry Bobbe: 503 626 1075 Larry Gaye: 503 579 6416
ANA Life Member #1059, CTCC #4, EAC #184 ANA Life Member #5574, CTCC #55, EAC #4152
www.vcoms.com/world/cheapsidetokens Email: cheapsidetokens@vcoins.com
PO Box 25817 Portland, OR 97298 — Fax: 503 350 2320
To coincide with COINEX, LONDON
29 SEPTEMBER 2005
The Important Collection of
Eighteenth Century British Trade Tokens
formed by the late
Dr David L. Spence, of Pittsburgh (Part II)
High Holborn, John Skidmore, Proof Halfpenny, 1795,
in silver. Estimate £400-600
The Spence collection, comprising nearly 3,600 Conder tokens, almost all different, was begun
in the late 1960s and largely completed by the early 1980s. Relatively few select additions have
been made in the intervening years. It includes pieces from virtually all the named collections
put together during the 20th century, including Dalton, Hamer, Cokayne, Longman, Farnell,
A.W. Jan, Gerson, Noble and Anderson.
The second part of the collection will be sold in London on the day before the annual COINEX
show, the UK's biggest international event of its type. The auction can be accessed online at
www.dnw.co.uk and printed catalogues are available from the beginning of September. For
further details, please contact Peter Preston-Morley.
DIX NOONAN WEBB Gee
16 Bolton Street Piccadilly London W1J 8BQ England
Telephone 44 20 7016 1700 Fax 44 20 7016 1799
E-mail ppm@dnw.co.uk www.dnw.co.uk
BUILDINGS
High quality examples of beautifully produced 18th century copper.
PENNIES
Middlesex 45. Royal Exchange. Brown and red
Uncirculated; prooflike. $98.
M'sex 86 (R). Lambeth Palace. Mostly golden red
Uncirculated. $325.
M’sex 88 (R). Treasury. St. James’s Park. Prooflike
Uncirculated. Choice. $325.
M’sex 100 (R). Fishmongers Hall. Prooflike
Uncirculated; substantial red. Choice. $325.
M’sex 157(S). Part of Isleworth. Prooflike Unc; choice;
substantial red with lovely golden hue. $285
M’sex 160 (S). Sion House. Prooflike Une; luster in
devices. $275
M’sex 173 (S). House of Commons. “Nice sharp P/L
Une; bronzed; tiny clip.” (Bobbe) $285
Worcestershire 5 (R). Dudley. Ancient fortress.
Prooflike Uncirculated. $325,
HALFPENNIES
M’sex 540. St. Ann’s, Aldergate. Choice Uncirculated;
predominantly a lovely orange red. $125.
Warwickshire 147. Ashted Chapel. Prooflike
Uncirculated; brown and red. $85
Warks 151. St. Bartholomew’s Chapel. Choice Linc;
predominantly a lovely orange red. $125.
Warks 154. St. Martin’s Church. Prooflike
Uncirculated; brown and red. 385.
Warks 156. St. Mary’s Chapel. Prooflike Uncirculated;
brown and red. $85.
Warks 160. The Old Meeting Destroy’d. Prooflike
Uncirculated; red and brown $95.
Warks 165. New Meeting Burnt. Prooflike
Uncirculated; red and brown $95.
Warks 167. Meeting Paradise St. Prooflike
Uncirculated; brown and red. $85.
Warks 169. New Jerusalem Temple. Prooflike
Uncirculated; red and brown $95.
Warks 172. St. Paul’s Chapel. Prooflike Uncirculated;
red and brown $95,
Warks 174. St. Philips Church. Substantial orange-red
luster; Uncirculated; prooflike. $95,
Warks 177. Barracks Erected. Mostly original red
Uncirculated; expertly lacquered. Beautiful. $125.
Warks 181. General Hospital. Prooflike Uncirculated;
brown and red. $85.
Warks 184a. Library. Choice, mostly red Uncirculated;
prooflike. $125.
Warks 186. Birm. Workhouse. Prooflike Uncirculated;
red and brown 595.
Warks 188. Old Cross Erected. Prooflike Une, brown
and red;; toning a bit uneven. $70.
Warks 191. Welch Cross. Prooflike Uncirculated;
brown and red. 585.
Warks 194. Blue School. Prooflike Uncirculated; red
and brown $95,
Warks 197a. Blue Coat Charity School. Prooflike
Uncirculated; toned with luster traces. $80.
Warks 203. New Brass Works. Brilliant Uncirculated;
prooflike; ex Wayne Anderson. $125.
Warks 205. New Brewery. 1792/72. Prooflike
Uncirculated; red and brown $95.
Warks 210. Navigation Office. Prooflike Uncirculated;
red and brown $95.
Warks 212. Soho Manufactory. Prooflike Uncirculated;
brown and red. $85.
Warks 215. Birmingham Theatre. Lincirculated; toned
with luster traces. $80.
Warks 259 (S). Grey Friars Steeple. Prooflike Unc;
reddish brown tone; minor faint field marks. $70.
Warks 269 (S). Cook Street Gate. Uncirculated; even
brown tone. $85.
Warks 271. Grey Friars Gate. Choice reddish brown
Uncirculated; prooflike. $125,
Payment with order please. We accept Mastercard and VISA. Shipping: $7, any order.
We issue high quality catalogs with extensive illustrations—if you are not currently on our mailing list, ask for your copy.
We appreciate but do not require $5 to help cover catalog costs.
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#531
EAC 3299. A.N.A., A.N.S., Royal .N.S., British N.S.,C.T.C.C. 6
Allan and Marnie Davisson
“Davissons
Ltd
Cold Spring, MN 56320-9623
320-685-3835 © 24 hr FAX 320-685-8636
email: coins @ cloudnet.com
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